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There are some deep theological principles at work in this chapter. There is also some controversy as to the correct translation of the phrase, “Oh Lucifer, Son of the morning” in verse 12. Many scholars translate the text to be Lucifer, or, Satan, though that translation has been challenged. The context is a bit sketchy because some scholars are unsure why Satan would be referenced within a passage that is clearly describing the fall of King Nebuchadnezzar. It could certainly be said that the King followed Satan’s path of rebellion against God.
Commentator Adam Clarke actually says it has been improperly translated and the proper phrase should read, “Howl, Son of the morning.” He argues that it doesn’t make sense to call Lucifer the bringer of morning light, (Son of the morning) but rather, that should be a description reserved for Christ. All that to say, the overall context of the passage is not significantly affected one way or another, in my opinion.
The theme is very clear. The proud and arrogant world leaders who rise to power and dominate God’s people will one day face their ultimate fate. From King Nebuchadnezzar to Adolf Hitler, to the final Antichrist, and yes, Satan himself – all will be subject to Jesus Christ and His ultimate authority. Though it may seem they are untouchable, the hidden kingdom of our Lord and Savior will judge them with an iron fist. Outside of a repentant heart towards Jesus, there is no chance for them.
We must remember this. As John Piper says, “When Jesus speaks with absolute authority, the devil does what he is told. Period!” As a pastor friend of mine always rhetorically asks, “Is Jesus on throne? Is He nervous?” We know the answer, so let us live like it!